How to Use Tor Browser Safely in 2025: A Beginner’s Guide

Although Tor offers a degree of privacy, it's not enough to keep you safe on the dark web. There are plenty of good reasons to use Tor, but since it's also a hub for cybercriminals, it's likely your activity is being monitored. It's difficult to pinpoint unsafe links, too, so your device and personal data are at a higher risk.

This is why it's crucial to use Tor in conjunction with other safety measures. One of the easiest ways to enhance your safety on Tor is to use a VPN when you access the dark web. When you connect to a VPN, it encrypts your traffic from end to end. By doing so, it prevents hackers, prying eyes — and even your ISP — from intercepting your online activity.

What Is the Tor Browser Used For?

Tor Browser is used to access every layer of the internet, including the dark web. Its many layers give it its name: The Onion Router (TOR). Tor is based on Firefox, so you can still use it to visit regular surface websites like YouTube and Wikipedia. However, unlike other browsers, Tor can also access hidden “.onion” sites found on the dark web.

The dark web is a hidden part of the internet that can’t be accessed by search engines. Since it's unregulated, using the dark web can come with lots of risks. It’s possible to accidentally download malware and viruses, plus there are plenty of scams.

This is why the dark web has a murky reputation. Its critics portray it as a place for illegal activity where criminals can communicate secretly. Although that’s partially true, there are plenty of good reasons to access the dark web, such as:

• Anonymous communication. Many activists and journalists turn to The Onion Router to keep their communications private from prying eyes.
• Overcoming censorship. Tor allows people in countries with heavy censorship to access blocked content.
• Exposing criminals or corrupt public figures. Journalists and whistleblowers use Tor and the dark web as a safe way to share/receive anonymous tips online or investigate controversies.
• Researching material. You can find free resources such as digital books and research papers on the dark web.
• Security testing. Tor Browser allows IT workers and security engineers to conduct security tests.
• Medical advice. If you have a health concern, doctors are available on the dark web that can offer their expertise. This is especially helpful for those who want to keep their health concerns personal or simply don’t have the funds to visit a doctor.

When Should I Not Use Tor?

There are certain limitations to accessing the dark web and some activities you should avoid while using Tor.

• Torrenting or streaming. Many torrenting sites block Tor exit nodes, making P2P transfers impossible. Even if you can get your torrent client to work with the browser, Tor’s slow speeds aren’t ideal for downloads and seeding. Likewise, the browser is usually too slow for streaming.
• Logging into personal accounts. By logging into a personal account on Tor, you risk exposing your identity. Some sites also flag Tor as suspicious, which could lead to your account being locked. You can easily get an encrypted email address to use solely with Tor Browser — for example, through ProtonMail.
• Paying with traceable financial info. While Tor can help protect your identity and location, it can’t prevent fraud or other financial crimes. It’s not recommended to use identifiable payment details on the browser as you risk exposing sensitive information to malicious actors. Some websites also block Tor traffic from accessing payment pages, so you may not be able to complete your transaction anyway.

How Does Tor Work?

Tor encrypts your traffic and sends it through multiple stopping points (nodes) before reaching the sites you visit. Your traffic travels through many layers of nodes: an entry, an exit, and several relays in between.

As your traffic travels through Tor's nodes, it slows your connection — which is why it's helpful to use a fast VPN

Nodes are scattered globally and give each other just enough information to reveal the next destination. None of the nodes can see your traffic's entire route, which is how Tor offers privacy. However, any user can volunteer their network as a node, so you can’t guarantee your safety. Tor's entry and exit nodes are vulnerable points since they have access to certain parts of your data.

The entry node can identify your IP address, while the exit node sees which sites you visit (though neither can see the reverse information). This means your data is always partially exposed in the entry or exit nodes when you use Tor. That’s why it’s recommended to use a VPN alongside Tor to encrypt your traffic end to end.

Is Tor Browser Safe?

Using Tor Browser gives you a degree of security, but your traffic is only protected within the browser itself (not across your whole device). The websites you visit can't see your IP address, and your ISP can't see the specific sites you visit. However, your ISP can still see if you use Tor, which can flag suspicions — even if you're not doing anything illegal. Plus, you're not protected from malware, so downloading anything with Tor alone can be dangerous.

There's also no way of telling who's behind the nodes, or their intentions. Exit nodes can read, intercept, or alter your data. Even worse, malicious exit nodes can form a connection with your network — potentially allowing them to spy on all of your online activity.  There have also been cases of bad actors (one in particular known as KAX17) who run malicious servers in entry, middle, and exit nodes to de-anonymize Tor users.

For these reasons, I strongly advise using The Onion Router and a VPN. Reputable VPNs use powerful end-to-end encryption to protect your data when you use Tor. Plus, they mask your IP address with one from the server location of your choice. This hides your real location from Tor's nodes.

In terms of criminal activity, drugs, and disturbing images and videos: you’ll only find them if you want to — and even then, only if you know exactly where to look. If you think of the surface web as a mainland continent of interlinking sites, the deep web is more like a series of standalone islands. So you don’t really have to see anything you don’t want to see.

How to Use Tor With a VPN

A highly secure VPN can enhance safety when using The Onion Router. There are 2 different ways you can use a VPN with Tor — each offering differing security benefits:

Tor Over VPN

The safest method is to connect to your VPN before opening Tor Browser. This protects your data as it travels through each node — most importantly, the entry and exit nodes. What's more, it hides your real IP address from Tor and prevents your ISP from seeing that you’re using the browser.

If your VPN lacks key security features, this method might not work as well. A kill switch is vital to avoid data leakage to harmful exit nodes when a connection fails. Moreover, it's imperative for your VPN to follow a strict no-logs policy to prevent documenting your Tor usage.

VPN Over Tor

The second method is performed in the opposite order — by connecting to Tor before your VPN. This option is a bit more complicated since it requires that you manually configure your VPN to Tor. It offers you some security by concealing traffic from Tor's exit nodes.

That said, using a VPN over Tor does present some vulnerabilities and limitations. For instance, your ISP can still see you're using Tor and you won’t be able to visit Onion sites. Using a VPN over Tor just allows you to access surface websites with added privacy.

For this method to work efficiently, the VPN used should support Tor and strictly follow a no-logs policy. Yet, because of the somewhat diminished security this technique provides, most VPNs, including the ones referenced, don't support VPN over Tor.

Additional Tips for Staying Safe on Tor

Although Tor is designed to offer privacy, it does have its vulnerabilities. This is why I recommend taking the following precautions to give you maximum security while using the browser.

• Only download Tor from its official site. There have been cases of hackers creating entirely fake Tor mirror sites that infect your device with malware should you accidentally download it. That's why it's advised to never download Tor from a third-party website.
• Get antivirus and antimalware software. This keeps your devices safe from cyber threats. Remember to keep up with updates to avoid the latest hacks and viruses.
• Use a security-focused OS. TAILS is one example — I recommend running it from a removable drive. This way, hackers will have difficulty identifying your computer on the Tor network. Other private OSs include Qube, Whonix, and ZeusGuard.
• Use a reputable dark web search engine. Some search engines index Onion sites, so you can use these to find and research dark websites before visiting them. Some reputable search engines include DuckDuckGo and Ahmia.
• Verify every Onion URL you use. The dark web is full of realistic clone sites full of cyber threats. Don’t use URLs that you source from social media or forums; a reputable dark web search engine helps you find genuine sites. You can store trusted sites in an encrypted notebook (for example, Turtl). Tor also has a Bookmarks feature.
• Avoid HTTP sites. Tor doesn't encrypt these sites since they're out of its network. So unless you're connected to a VPN when you visit HTTP sites, your personal data is exposed as it passes through Tor's exit nodes. HTTPS sites that use end-to-end encryption (via TLS or SSL) are safe to visit, though.
• Update your device and browser. Running the most up-to-date software helps prevent bugs and vulnerabilities from compromising your online safety.
• Disable location tracking. Disabling any location-tracking functionality on your device helps to keep your identity hidden.
• Disable JavaScript. In 2013, hackers found a way to track users by accessing their session details through JavaScript.
• Avoid plug-ins. Add-ons and browser extensions can lead to tracking through browser fingerprinting. Tor automatically blocks some plug-ins (like Flash, RealPlayer, and Quicktime) as they’ve been manipulated to get users’ real IP addresses in the past.
• Don’t change the size of your Tor window. This can lead to someone tracking you through browser fingerprinting.
• Cover your camera and microphone. This prevents cybercriminals from collecting recordings of you if they hijack your device. It may seem excessive, but hacking cameras is worryingly easy.
• Be mindful of what you open. Don’t click on pop-ups or suspicious requests. If you download a file from the dark web, disable the internet before opening it (to avoid leaking your actual IP address).
• Use cryptocurrency. Crypto offers an extra layer of anonymity and security when you make purchases on the dark web.
• Close all apps on your device, like banking or streaming apps. This way, there’s no chance of prying eyes seeing your personal information through these sources.

How to Install Tor Browser on Your Devices

I recommend only installing Tor Browser from its official website for safety purposes. Tor isn’t available for iOS, but you can find the open-source Onion Browser (powered by Tor) in the App Store.

Before downloading and using Tor, I also recommend installing and connecting to a reliable Tor VPN. It doesn’t matter which server you choose as Tor reroutes your traffic anyway. Most VPNs will recommend the fastest server for your location.

Download Tor on Windows & Mac

The process of setting up Tor on Windows and Mac is largely alike, with the only variations being in the way you interact with the respective operating systems. Below are the instructions for installing Tor on a Windows machine.

1. Download Tor. Go to the download page and select the appropriate installer.

   After clicking, Tor will begin downloading to your device immediately

2. Open the installation file. Pick a language and follow the installation wizard.

   Languages are in alphabetical order

3. Finish the installation. If you're using Mac, the wizard will instruct you to drag the Tor icon into your Applications folder.

   When it finishes installing, check the box that says Run

4. Connect or configure Tor. If you’re browsing in a restrictive network or location, click Configure. It will ask you if Tor is censored in your location or if you’re using a proxy — then it will help you configure a pluggable transport.

   If you’re using a proxy, you’ll need to enter the proxy type, IP address, and port

Download Tor on Android

1. Visit Tor's official site. Using your Android device, navigate to Tor's official site. Go to the Downloads page and click Download for Android.
2. Follow the prompts to install. Click Go to Google Play, then Install to begin downloading the app to your device.
3. Connect to Tor. Start browsing The Onion Router safely.

Download Tor on Linux

1. Download the Tor launcher. Navigate to the Tor download page on FlatHub and download the launcher for Linux.
2. Install the file. Find the downloads folder (or whichever location you saved the Tor Launcher) and open the file.
3. Connect or configure Tor. Click Launch to start Tor, then Connect or Configure. If you’re browsing from a network that blocks Tor, choose Configure. This will ask you if Tor is censored in your location or if you’re using a proxy — then it will help you configure a pluggable transport. If not, you can immediately select Connect to begin browsing.

FAQs on How to Use Tor Safely

Is Tor illegal?

Not in most countries, as long as it’s not used for illegal activity. While Tor isn’t banned in most places, it can be used for accessing the dark web (which features unlawful content such as drugs, weapons, and disturbing pornography).

That said, the browser is completely illegal and is blocked in other locations like Russia, China, the UAE, Turkey, Iran, and Belarus. But some reputable VPNs are packed with advanced security features that help them overcome tough firewalls, so they can still access Tor in countries with strict censorship.

Additionally, Tor bridges can be used to overcome censorship. These are relay (or middle) nodes that aren't listed in Tor's directory, so they're harder for governmental authorities to identify and block. I can't recommend using these without the protection of a VPN — bridges are run by volunteers, just like any other node. You never know if the user behind the bridge has malicious intentions.

Is it safe to download Tor?

Yes, Tor Browser is safe to download. However, it's not entirely private — your ISP can still see you're using Tor’s site. So it's recommended to download and use Tor while connected to a VPN to give you more privacy.

Although, you should never download Tor from a third-party site. There are many fakes with malicious links that can compromise your device and its data — so always use the official Tor site.

Can Tor be traced or hacked?

It's difficult, but it’s possible. To ensure your safety, you should take additional precautions like using a VPN while browsing Tor.

Hackers have managed to compromise the network in the past, to spy on users' browsing or even gain control of their devices. They do this by setting up rogue Tor nodes, which can intercept traffic and inject malware into user devices.

Using a VPN with a malware blocker can help protect you from these attacks. A good blocker will scan all incoming traffic for malware and other malicious activity, blocking anything that looks suspicious before it reaches your device. This means that, even if a hacker does manage to compromise a Tor node, your VPN should still protect you.

What’s the difference between the deep web and the dark web?

The deep web refers to any content on the internet that search engines don’t index. This includes online banking systems, private company databases, social media profiles, unlisted sites, etc. While this content isn’t accessible through a search engine, it’s not inherently dangerous and you can access it with a regular browser.

The dark web refers to a specific part of the deep web that is intentionally hidden and only accessible with browsers like Tor. While not all content on the dark web is illegal or harmful, it’s generally considered a shady space that you should approach with caution. That’s why it’s recommended to use a VPN on the dark web.

Is Tor a VPN?

Tor and VPNs both offer online privacy but they’re not the same. Tor is a free and open-source software that lets you browse the internet anonymously by encrypting and routing your traffic through a series of nodes or relays, making it difficult for anyone to track your online activities. A VPN encrypts your internet traffic to hide your data and routes it through a remote server, so you appear to be browsing from a different location.

Are there any alternatives to Tor and the Onion network?

If you have concerns about the potential risks of Tor or find the network slow and unreliable, there are other alternatives:

• I2P — this is a free and open-source anonymous network. Like Tor, I2P uses a series of nodes to route internet traffic — allowing you to browse the internet and communicate anonymously. However, unlike Tor, I2P allows for anonymous file sharing and messaging, making it a more comprehensive privacy tool.
• Freenet — a decentralized anonymous network. It operates by distributing data across a network of computers, making it almost impossible to trace the origin of a file or message. While not as user-friendly as other options, it’s a powerful tool for privacy.
• GNUnet — this is a decentralized network protocol stack. It offers features like encryption, peer discovery, and resource allocation, and is free to use and modify. It's available for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and Solaris. Like Tor, it still has its vulnerabilities when it comes to the users' intentions behind each node.

Use Tor Safely Today

Even though The Onion Router provides you with a decent level of privacy, you're still at risk whenever you access the dark web using it. To keep you safe from various cyberthreats, I strongly recommend using a VPN with the Tor Browser. This ensures that your traffic is encrypted from the beginning to the end of your browsing sessions. Plus, it hides your Tor activity and IP from any third parties that may try to spy on you.